Psychology of age
Children are of little interest in studying during this period. They are focused on their experiences and the changes occurring in their body. In an effort to understand themselves and find their place in life, children often follow the advice of strangers. At this time, they can shock their parents with their behavior: start drinking, smoking, swearing, disappearing into unreliable companies.
For a girl at the age of 12, her appearance begins to play a big role. She watches older women and strives to imitate them. They also show a strong interest in boys, and older ones at that.
A large release of hormones greatly affects the behavior of boys. They are attracted to girls, but cannot yet comprehend this and cope with their feelings. Therefore, one can often observe excessive aggression towards the opposite sex. During this period, interests are formed that will last a lifetime.
At the age of 12, children in school sections tend to be divided by gender, embodying the situation of “sexual homogenization,” that is, boys communicate with boys, and girls communicate with girls.
Physiological and psychological characteristics of children at 12 years old. What is important for parents to know?
A 12-year-old child enters puberty. Behavior and character change along with physiology and anatomy. This is the age when a child begins to understand his independence and importance, realizes and begins to defend himself as an individual. In order to help their child overcome adolescence, parents should prepare for this stage in advance.
Causes of psychological changes
The psychological characteristics of children 12-13 years old are mostly associated with external and internal changes in the body. Bodily changes are scary and cause the first complexes to appear. The task of parents is to prepare the child for changes in advance, explain and reassure.
External
At the age of 12, a teenager begins to notice the spring manifestations of puberty. At the age of 12, a pubertal growth spurt occurs by 7-12 cm per year. Moreover, girls are ahead of boys both in growth and development. The skeleton and limbs grow first. Adolescent languidness is observed. The skin often becomes oily, which leads to acne.
In girls aged 12, the formation of a female-type figure begins: the pelvis expands, the hips become rounded. Children of both sexes develop secondary sexual characteristics. For example, the first hair appears on the pubis and armpits. In girls aged 12, breast growth begins. In boys, the growth of the genitals is activated, and muscle mass begins to grow. The proportions of the body change towards the male type: the shoulders become wider, the hips narrower.
Domestic
At the age of 12, children not only begin to grow rapidly. Changes occur in internal organs. The pituitary gland increases the production of hormones - gonadotropins. In response to this, the sex glands begin to actively produce sex hormones: testosterone in boys and estrogens in girls, under the influence of which sexual characteristics are formed.
If secondary sexual characteristics are associated with external changes, primary ones are associated with the development of internal genital organs: the ovaries and uterus in girls and the testes and prostate gland in boys. At age 12, most girls experience menarche—their first period. And boys have their first ejaculation by the age of 13.
Another sign of this period is the activation of the thyroid gland, which accelerates metabolism. From the nervous system, one can observe increased excitability, irritability, and emotional instability. The heart grows faster than blood vessels, which is accompanied by temporary functional disorders: arrhythmia, headaches, etc.
Psychological features of age
During adolescence, children experience disharmony in relationships with people around them and the whole world: lack of mutual understanding with relatives, teachers, and peers. The psychological characteristics of children 12-13 years old are manifested by spontaneous, unconstructive, immature relationships with the outside world; the attitude towards others is often negative.
Relationships with parents
Children at the age of 12 often experience disappointment in their parents, there is misunderstanding, and a desire to do everything in defiance. They feel anxious, aggressive, often withdraw into themselves, are unsure of their actions and do not know how to discuss their problems. An adult son or daughter at this age is sensitive to criticism, impudent, and conflictual. The task of parents during this period is to create a trusting relationship with their child.
The child tries to protect part of his life from adults, and many parents begin to worry and “tighten the screws.” At the age of 12, an adult son or daughter already demonstrates the acquired skills and, most importantly, his attitude towards them. It is important to understand that harsh confrontation with your child can lead to a protracted crisis in the relationship. If parents are very attentive to changes in the child’s life, know how to listen and try to understand him, there is a chance to survive the teenage period without problems.
Peer relationships
At the age of 12, the need for communication intensifies. In building relationships with peers, selectivity and the desire to assert oneself and prove one’s maturity appear. School and the street equally influence a teenager’s socialization and acquisition of relationship-building skills.
Children's behavior is regulated by the opinions of their peers, the desire to be recognized and like them. Often they begin to make friends with older children, adopt their habits and manner of communication. Children's behavior during this period may be on the verge of what is permitted. A teenager deprived of relationships with peers, expelled from a group, has a very hard time tolerating his detachment.
Main areas of interest
A 12-year-old child is already dreaming about the future; he is beginning to be interested in the material side of life. You can observe the first manifestations of his personality, a change in motivations and interests. Some confusion may be aggravated by falling in love for the first time.
Against this background, performance and performance decreases. You can observe the first manifestations of a negative personality: rudeness, dissatisfaction with yourself and others. At the same time, sensitivity to one’s own and others’ experiences appears. The correct choice of interests and hobbies at this stage largely determines the child’s plans. The upbringing of a teenager during this period should be aimed at deepening his interests and developing passion.
- Dominant given
Teenagers value the current moment little, are dissatisfied with the environment and strive to go beyond its limits. During this period, abstract thinking develops intensively. At this age, the first adult dreams and goals should appear. A child at 12 years old acquires other, deeper interests and hobbies. At this age, the makings of large-scale planning should appear. If a child says who he wants to be, there is already a rational grain in this.
- Dominant of effort
Already at the start of the transition period, the child strives to demonstrate independence. This doesn't always have a positive connotation. There may be a desire for resistance, which manifests itself in the form of protests, conflicts, stubbornness, and struggles with authorities. He does not want to study, take care of himself, carry out the simplest instructions, thereby defending his independence and proving his maturity.
- Egocentrism
In the twelfth year of life, children become increasingly interested in themselves as individuals. The child is actively developing self-awareness, his inner “I” no longer coincides with the outer, which stimulates the development of self-control and self-control. The teenager's own personality becomes the center of his interests. At this time, the first critical assessment of oneself, positive or negative, appears.
- Romance Dominant
Children at the growing stage strive for knowledge, events, and impressions. They begin to test their strength and capabilities. Teenagers seek adventure, show a tendency toward social heroism, and begin to test their courage by agreeing to risky actions.
Useful tips for parents
Already at the age of 12, the question arises of how parents should communicate with a teenager so as not to lose a trusting relationship and maintain a balance between parental authority and friendly communication. It is important for a child to feel the conviction of those close to him that everything will be fine and he will cope with everything. Faith in him, support and reasonable independence will help solve such a problem as increasing the child’s self-esteem.
The actions of a teenager are largely influenced by the state of his body, and the frequency of the nervous system, which during this period is in constant tension. Yoga for children, swimming and creative hobbies can help you calm down, concentrate and collect yourself.
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Physiology of age
The formation of the hearing organs is completed. Skeletal muscles develop intensively. Ossification of the skeleton and the formation of neuropsychic activity are completed. The lungs grow quickly, in boys breathing becomes abdominal, in girls - abdominal and thoracic. During puberty, adolescents may experience headaches, shortness of breath, discomfort in the heart, dizziness and, sometimes, fainting.
At the age of 12, a girl's mammary glands become enlarged and her nipples darken. The girl's weight is increasing.
The boy's testicles and penis enlarge, the scrotum darkens and becomes folded, and pubic hair grows. Bones begin to grow faster, exceeding muscle growth, which may be accompanied by pain or itching, and the body becomes clumsy. The skin and hair become oily and sweat begins to appear.
Physiological achievements
As a rule, at one year a child spends almost all of his time on two legs, rather than crawling. If he can’t walk on his own, then the baby can literally fly by the hand. But there are other achievements at this age:
- The baby can pick up a handful of small objects with both hands or grab a couple of small parts with one palm.
- Coordination has already been established, and the baby confidently hands the toy to his parents.
- Picks up small objects with two fingers.
- Without leaning, the baby confidently squats and stands up.
- He can confidently put a ring on a stick (“donut” on the base of the pyramid) and arrange the cubes into a tower.
- Repeats after mom how to blow on something hot, smell flowers, blow a kiss, wave “bye-bye.”
- The child eats more confidently with a spoon. If you allow him to do this more often, the skills will quickly develop and strengthen.
You were born in 2007 or 2008
2007 — Genetics have discovered modifications in the human body that are responsible for the development of certain diseases. After DNA analysis, it became possible to identify a predisposition to certain diseases.
2008 - February 17. Kosovo declared independence from Serbia. 8 August. Military operations began in South Ossetia. November 4. Presidential elections took place in the United States. The first black president in the history of the state, Barack Obama, became the head of the state.
2009 — August 17. A disaster occurred at the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station. Hundreds of people became victims. The cause of the problems was a series of shortcomings and a failure in the redistribution of electricity in the power system.
2010 - 18th of March. Russian mathematician Grigory Perelman proved the Poincaré conjecture, which was considered one of the unsolvable Problems of the Millennium. For this, the Clay Mathematical Institute awarded him a prize of $1 million, which he refused. April 10th. A plane crash occurred over Smolensk, in which Lech Kaczynski, the President of Poland, his wife Maria Kaczynskaya, the high military command, Polish politicians, as well as religious and public figures (97 people in total) died. The first living cell was created in which its own DNA was replaced with DNA created artificially. Humanity has received new tools for developing technologies for artificially growing organs.
2011 - 11th of March. In Japan, off the northeastern coast, an earthquake occurred, the magnitude of which reached 8.9. As a result of the earthquake, a devastating tsunami arose, as a result of which over 15 thousand people died, several thousand are considered missing. May 2. Osama bin Laden, the “No. 1” terrorist in the world, the leader of Al-Qaeda, who, in particular, is considered responsible for the September 11 terrorist attack, was killed. September 7. An international charter flight crashed near Yaroslavl. On board the plane was the team of the Lokomotiv hockey club, which was flying to Minsk. 44 people died, one survived. October 31. The seven billionth inhabitant of the Earth was born in Kaliningrad.
2012 - February 21. In Moscow, in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, a scandalous punk prayer service of the PussyRiot group took place, three members of which were detained by the police. December 1. Russia has led the G20 (G20), a forum of representatives of countries with the most developed economies: Australia, Japan, Argentina, South Africa, Brazil, South Korea, Great Britain, France, Germany, Turkey, India, USA, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Italy, Mexico, Canada, China.
2013 - February, 15. A meteorite fell in the Urals - the largest celestial body that collided with the surface of the Earth after the Tunguska meteorite. Because of the “Chelyabinsk” meteorite (it exploded in the vicinity of Chelyabinsk), 1,613 people were injured. February, 15. Asteroid 2012 DA14 flew by at the minimum distance from planet Earth (27,000 km). This was the closest distance in the entire history of astronomy. March 13. The most powerful telescope on the planet begins operating in the Atacama Desert, Chile.
2014 — February 7-23. The XXII Winter Olympic Games took place in Sochi. 18th of March. Putin V.V. signed an agreement on the admission of the Crimean Peninsula and Sevastopol to Russia. This agreement comes into force from the moment of ratification by the Federal Assembly - March 21. October 26. Permanent winter time introduced
2015 - Jan. 7. A terrorist attack took place at the office of the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo in Paris, based on a caricature of the Prophet Mohammed previously posted in the magazine. 12 people were killed and 11 people were injured.
