Second DTP vaccination - what are the complications?

(Another useful site - experts on vaccinations)

If for some reason your child has not been vaccinated in accordance with the vaccination schedule, then most likely his body is not sufficiently protected from dangerous infections and continued immunization may be required.

missed hepatitis B vaccination

BCG vaccination schedule was violated

missed the DPT vaccine

Missed polio vaccination dates

missed vaccination against measles, rubella or mumps

If for some reason your child has not been vaccinated in accordance with the vaccination schedule, then most likely his body is not sufficiently protected from dangerous infections and continued immunization may be required. However, each vaccine differs in its antigenic composition, the intensity of the reactions it causes in the body and the duration of action. Therefore, the question of what the further timing of vaccination is is always decided individually, taking into account the state of the child’s immune system, the diseases he has suffered and the type of vaccines. As a guide for constructing a further vaccination schedule, the following general recommendations can be given, which consider violations of vaccination deadlines separately for each category of vaccines.

Hepatitis B

·If the first vaccination against hepatitis B is missed, that is, it was not performed in the first 12 hours after the birth of the baby, then you can start vaccination on any subsequent day and then follow the standard schedule - the second vaccination is given a month later, and the third after another 5 months.

·If you missed the hepatitis B vaccination, which is performed, according to the vaccination calendar, a month after birth, then it can be performed a maximum of 4 months after the first one. Moreover, the shorter the interval, the more reliable immunity will be formed. If more than 4 months have passed since the first vaccination, then the administration of vaccines is usually continued as if the vaccination schedule had not been disrupted, but in this case there is a high chance of insufficient immunization. If the doctor doubts the effectiveness of further vaccination, then it may be necessary to determine antibodies to the hepatitis B virus in the child’s blood, with a mandatory quantitative study.

·If you miss the third hepatitis B vaccination, you do not have to worry about a decrease in the effectiveness of vaccination for 18 months after the first vaccination. This is the maximum period of time after which an analysis for the concentration of antibodies against hepatitis B will most likely be required to complete the course. In some cases, when sufficient immunity has not been formed even after completing the course of vaccination, additional vaccination may be required.

BCG

·If the timing of BCG vaccination is violated, then the tuberculosis vaccination is given in the fourth month of life. Before vaccination, a Mantoux test must be performed and vaccination is carried out only if a negative result is obtained. A positive test may mean that the child has already encountered the tuberculosis pathogen and may be infected. This is an indication for further, more detailed examination. The timing of the vaccination is due to the fact that during the first 3 months of life, immunity has not yet been formed enough to give an adequate response to the introduction of tuberculin, which is used in the Mantoux test, and the reaction may be false negative. If you have not yet been vaccinated, but it is known that the child has been in contact with a patient with tuberculosis or a carrier of Koch's bacillus, then low doses of anti-tuberculosis drugs are prescribed and, after completing the course of preventive treatment, the Mantoux reaction is examined. If the test is positive, treatment is continued, and if the test is negative, vaccination is performed, followed by isolation of the child for a week. For normal formation of post-vaccination immunity, at least a month must pass between the BCG vaccination and other vaccinations.

DTP

·If you missed the DTP vaccination, which according to the vaccination calendar is performed at 3 months, then you can start the vaccination course at any time before the age of 4 years. After 4 years of age, the administration of domestically produced vaccines with a pertussis component is not allowed, but the French analogue Tetracoc (with an anti-poliomyelitis component in the composition) can be used. From 4 to 6 years of age, vaccination is done with the ADS vaccine, and after reaching 6 years of age, ADS-M is used. These are vaccines without pertussis components, the latter contains reduced dosages. If a child has had whooping cough, and you have not yet received a single DPT vaccination, then vaccination with DPT toxoid is carried out (two vaccinations with a month's interval and one revaccination after a year).

· Violation of the timing of vaccination of the second DTP vaccination does not entail a repetition of the entire cycle - the administration of vaccines continues as if the schedule had not been lost, maintaining an interval between vaccinations of 30 days. If by this time the child has had whooping cough, then he is no longer given DTP vaccinations; instead, ADS is used, and after 9-12 months the ADS is repeated

·If the third DPT vaccination is missed, it is performed regardless of the omission. If a child who has already been vaccinated twice with DTP has had whooping cough, the course of vaccination is not continued and is considered completed. Revaccination is carried out with ADS, after 9-12 months. As already mentioned, from the age of 4, vaccines without a pertussis component are administered. In order to have time to fully vaccinate a child against whooping cough, sometimes it makes sense to perform the first DPT revaccination, maintaining only the minimum permissible interval - 6 months.

Polio

·If the first polio vaccination is missed, children under 6 years of age are vaccinated twice, with an interval of 30 days. For children over 6 years of age, the vaccine is administered once.

·If the second polio vaccination is missed, vaccination is not started again, but continued, despite the extended interval. The current vaccination calendar is built taking into account the use of OPV (live polio vaccine), but it is acceptable to replace it with IPV (an inactivated vaccine, more effective).

·If the third or fourth vaccination against polio is missed, then the tactics are the same as if you missed the second vaccination. It is important that before reaching 2 years of age the child is vaccinated 5 times with OPV or 4 times with IPV. When using vaccines together, the total number of vaccinations should not be less than 4.

Measles, rubella, mumps

·If your vaccination schedule has been thrown off track and you have missed your first measles, rubella or mumps vaccination, it is best to get it as soon as possible. According to the vaccination calendar, vaccination against these infections is carried out simultaneously, in different parts of the child’s body, with separate syringes or by using combined vaccines containing components against several infections. It is recommended to resort to separate administration of vaccines if the child has already had any of the listed infections, against which the creation of specific immunity is no longer required. Even if the timing of vaccinations has been significantly shifted, subsequent revaccination is carried out at the age indicated in the national vaccination calendar.

·If revaccination against measles, rubella or mumps is missed, the vaccine is given at any appropriate time, trying to create immunity before the child enters school. If for some reason vaccinations against rubella, mumps and measles are performed in the form of single-component mono-vaccines, then the recommended interval between their administration should not be less than a month. Otherwise, there is a risk that the second vaccine will be inactivated by immune cells produced in response to the first vaccine.

·If vaccination against rubella, which is given to girls during adolescence, is missed, it is done as soon as health conditions allow. The vaccine can be done at any age unless pregnancy is excluded.

How to properly prepare a child for vaccinations against diphtheria, hepatitis, rubella, polio and other childhood diseases? Get acquainted with the vaccination calendar and find out where it is best to get vaccinated. Consulting pediatrician Olga Minkina.

Hepatitis B

In the vaccination calendar, the hepatitis B vaccine comes first: it is given to the child during the first day in the maternity hospital. Hepatitis B is an infectious disease that causes severe liver damage. The second vaccination is carried out at 3 months, the third at 6 months.

Is it worth vaccinating your baby right in the maternity hospital?

Doctors have differing opinions on this matter. Many people believe that it is not advisable to vaccinate in the first hours of life, since the newborn still has a very poor immune response and vaccination may turn out to be pointless - the child will not develop immunity against hepatitis B.

· It is more reasonable to postpone the first vaccination to a later time, for example, you can do it at 3 months, then vaccination will be carried out according to the scheme: 3-6-9 months.

·Children are vaccinated according to a special scheme if their mothers are carriers of hepatitis B or there are people in the family suffering from this disease. Babies must be vaccinated in the first 12 hours after birth, the second vaccination is carried out at the age of 1 month, the third at 6 months, and the fourth at 12 months.

· The vaccination is done intramuscularly in the anterior lateral part of the thigh, and after 3 years - in the shoulder.

·Vaccination is usually tolerated quite easily by the child. In some cases, there may be a slight rise in temperature, thickening, and redness at the injection site. No special preparation is required for vaccination.

·For hepatitis B there are single vaccines (Combiotech, Euvax B, Engerix B, etc.) and combined ones (for several diseases).

It is advisable that intramuscular administration of vaccines to young children should be carried out in the anterior lateral part of the thigh. When the vaccine is administered into the buttock, complications often occur (there is a risk of getting into the subcutaneous fat, which leads to swelling); the nerve trunk can be damaged, and there is a smaller immune response. For older children, injections are given in the upper third of the shoulder.

Video: reaction after DTP vaccination

After an intramuscular injection, a person may develop various kinds of complications. This is usually due to a violation of this manipulation. Consider in more detail why the injection site may hurt and how to get rid of this unpleasant symptom.

Tuberculosis

A child is vaccinated against tuberculosis in the maternity hospital in the first 3-7 days. Contraindications to vaccination are low body weight (less than 2000 g), intrauterine infection, hemolytic disease of the newborn, purulent-septic diseases, severe damage to the central nervous system.

·If the child was denied vaccination in the maternity hospital, it can be done later (preferably before 6 months). Please note that if you are going to vaccinate a child older than 2 months, you will first need to do a Mantoux test. This is necessary to find out whether the child is infected with the tuberculosis bacillus - then vaccination will be contraindicated for him.

·Vaccinations against tuberculosis are given only in a medical facility; Doctors visiting homes do not have the right to vaccinate children against this disease.

·Vaccination against tuberculosis is always carried out separately from other vaccinations.

·Every year, a child is given a Mantoux test to determine whether he is infected with tuberculosis. If the baby was vaccinated already in the maternity hospital, then the Mantoux test is given to him for the first time at 1 year.

· The vaccination is given to children intradermally - in the area of ​​the left shoulder, at an older age - under the shoulder blade.

·Two vaccines are used against tuberculosis - BCG and BCG-M (light version).

· Revaccination is carried out at 7 years of age.

Polio

For a long time, children in our country were vaccinated with a “live” oral vaccine (OPV) - it was dripped into the mouth. Unfortunately, because of this, there have been cases (albeit very rare) of vaccine-associated polio, when the disease itself developed due to the vaccine, leading to disability.

· Currently, they are trying to move away from the use of “live” vaccines, and instead use an inactivated vaccine (IPV) - it contains “killed” viruses and is not capable of causing disease. The inactivated vaccine is administered intramuscularly.

·After using a “live” oral vaccine, a child sometimes experiences stool upset for 1-2 days, and in some cases there is an increase in temperature. The inactivated polio vaccine usually does not cause such reactions.

· The polio vaccine is given at 3 months, then at 4.5 and 6 months. Revaccination is carried out at 18 and 20 months.

·The inactivated polio vaccine used in Russia is Imovax Polio. In addition, the combined Pentaxim vaccine is used (protection against polio, whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus and Haemophilus influenzae type b).

How to prepare your child for vaccination

It is necessary to prepare for the DPT vaccination. This type of vaccination is one of those that most often causes side effects. Therefore, in order to mitigate possible negative phenomena in the future, some preventive measures should be taken.

This vaccination takes place in several stages. Therefore, the mother should know how many vaccinations have already been done and when, and not forget about what time the next vaccination should be done.

A month before the proposed vaccination, you should take your child to see a pediatrician. The doctor will examine the little patient and refer him for the necessary tests. After receiving the results, the doctor will determine what to do next. If the tests are good, then preparations for vaccination will continue. If not, then the reasons for the poor results are eliminated, and then the studies are conducted again.

After obtaining good results within a month, the child needs to strengthen the immune system by all available means. This includes a healthy diet, vitamins, walks in the fresh air, and limiting contact with sick children. If the doctor does not mind, then you can use prophylactic medications that increase immunity.

If a child has an allergy, then antiallergic therapy is necessary.

If parents are going on a long journey, then the child should not be vaccinated. DTP may cause a reaction for a long time after the injection. Therefore, the child must be in a place where he can receive medical assistance.

If an epidemic of any disease is declared, then vaccination cannot be done.

Parents must provide such conditions for their baby so that he does not get sick during this month of preparation. But if it was not possible to avoid some disease, then vaccination should be postponed. After recovery, you need to get tested and get ready for vaccination again.

At the age of 3 months, the child is first vaccinated, which is designed to develop immunity against diseases such as whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, plus modern vaccines contain an agent against polio. Vaccination in one case out of three causes noticeable side effects - the body’s reaction to the infection introduced in a weakened form.

Diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus

For these diseases, combination vaccines are mainly used (that is, those that protect against several diseases at once). The first vaccination is given at 3 months, the second at 4.5 months, and the third at 6 months; revaccination - at 18 months. The vaccine is administered intramuscularly into the anterior lateral thigh or buttock. This vaccination is not always easily tolerated by the child and requires prior preparation. The heaviest component of the vaccine is the pertussis component. After vaccination, local and general reactions are possible. Local symptoms include redness and swelling at the injection site; general symptoms include malaise, fever, and in rare cases, convulsions. The reaction after the second and subsequent vaccinations is often stronger than after the first.

· Recently, vaccines have appeared that give fewer post-vaccination reactions. Good tolerability is explained by the fact that they contain an acellular pertussis component. These vaccines are foreign-made and are offered in paid medical centers.

· Before vaccinating your child against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus, it is advisable to prepare him: for 1-3 days before vaccination, the baby is prescribed antihistamines in age-appropriate dosages. The question of whether to give a child antihistamines on the day of vaccination and after it is decided by the pediatrician individually in each case.

·After vaccination, children may develop a fever. This usually happens 6-8 hours after vaccination; high temperature can last up to 2 days.

· Therefore, you must have antipyretic drugs at home (preferably in the form of rectal suppositories) so that you can use them if necessary.

·If after the first administration of the vaccine there was a rise in temperature to 38.5 °C or higher, then this is a contraindication to repeated vaccination with a pertussis component. Repeated vaccinations are made with vaccines without a pertussis component or containing an acellular pertussis component.

·Vaccines that protect against these diseases are DPT, ADS (without pertussis component), Infantrix, Pentaxim.

Vaccination and antibiotics

If in the past there was no debate about the need for vaccinations, then in modern society parents think about the benefits of vaccinations for their children. The consequences of some types of injections frighten parents with dangerous side effects, the counteraction of which requires the prescription of antibiotics. The question that becomes relevant is how taking antibiotics after vaccination will affect the formation of the immune defense that the vaccination should form.

Doctors are convinced that if all the rules of conduct before and after vaccination are followed, it will not harm even newborns. After all, the result of compulsory vaccination prevention of the past was the absence today of formidable epidemics that claim lives.

Is it possible to take antibiotics after vaccination?

The DPT vaccine is considered the most dangerous in terms of adverse reactions in children. Once in the body, the medicine leads to a weakening of its own protective properties. The cause of a child’s severe reaction to vaccination is the toxoids it contains (diphtheria, tetanus), as well as fragments of killed pertussis microbes.

Side effects include such a serious reaction as the appearance of a lump at the site of vaccine administration. The development of purulent inflammation is accompanied by an increase in temperature and soreness, which is a consequence of infection during the injection. In this case, to protect against dangerous symptoms of complications, the doctor prescribes a course of antibiotics after DPT vaccination.

Flu vaccination

WHO experts strongly recommend getting vaccinated against influenza annually before the start of the epidemic season. Vaccination not only saves vaccinated people from deadly complications after the flu, but also prevents the massive spread of the virus. However, immunization will not become effective without taking preventive measures, including wearing a gauze bandage during the formation of immunity after the injection.

Often, after visiting crowded places, a person who has received the vaccine develops symptoms of the disease that can be confused with the flu. However, the cause of the disease is not the vaccine, but another disease that requires treatment with antibiotics after vaccination.

The opinion of doctors is clear - the doctor should make a decision on prescribing antibacterial drugs. The therapy does not affect the formation of the immune response and does not require repeated vaccination.

Why do complications develop after vaccinations?

The development of adverse reactions requiring the prescription of antibiotics is not at all associated with the poor quality of the vaccinating drug. An unpleasant situation is a consequence of non-compliance with immunization rules. Any vaccination should only be given to a healthy person, excluding contact with sick people.

For you: Tumor at the vaccination site in a child: normal or pathological

Symptoms of an acute disease or exacerbation of a chronic process can lead not only to the lack of results from vaccine prevention. For example, after foreign agents enter the body with DPT vaccination, children's immunity is temporarily weakened, which increases the risk of developing a concomitant infection. In this case, the child may need antibiotics to treat the complication.

Measles, rubella, mumps

·Children are vaccinated against these diseases at 12 months and 6 years. Combination vaccines against three diseases, two-component and mono-vaccines are used. There are vaccines of both domestic and foreign production.

· Since the vaccine against these diseases is “live”, after its administration the child may experience some reactions, for example, an increase in body temperature, swelling of the lymph nodes, the appearance of a rash, a slight cough and runny nose - that is, the child seems to have suffered from these diseases in a very mild form. Typically reactions occur on days 1-2, 5-8 and 10-12.

To make it easier for your baby to tolerate vaccination, it is advisable to give him antihistamines 1-3 days before vaccination and several days after it. The pediatrician will calculate how long to give the drugs after vaccination and in what dose. Also, do not forget to stock up on antipyretic medications so that your baby’s fever does not take you by surprise.

·Combined vaccines against measles, rubella and mumps - Priorix, Trimovax and others.

Scheme of administration of the DPT vaccine.

DTP vaccination

DTP - several mysterious letters related to the vaccination that is given to babies in the first year of their life. To achieve an effect, this vaccination is done not once, but several times, not counting revaccinations at an older age. This is very important because... By doing only one DTP and not doing the next two, you will not achieve the desired effect.

So, DTP vaccination according to the planned calendar is carried out for a child at the age of 3, 4.5 and 6 months. Revaccination (repeat vaccination in order to maintain immunity at a high level) at 18 months, DTP is carried out, then at 7 years, 14 years, and adults every 10 years from the last revaccination with ADS or ADS-M (the same vaccine, but without the pertussis component). The drug is administered intramuscularly (an injection in the butt) or into the anterior thigh.

Do not be alarmed by the slightly different intervals between these vaccinations, which can be found in various sources and on the Internet in particular. The interval between the first three DPT vaccinations is on average 1.5 months, but an interval of 1 month is allowed. up to 2 months The first DPT revaccination is carried out 12 months after the third DTP. This can be called a vaccination course, but if for some reason it goes astray (for example, a child gets sick and he misses the next DTP), then the vaccination is done as soon as possible after full recovery, but the course is continued and not resumed, even if the schedule There was a break between vaccinations of more than 12 months. In such cases, vaccination is carried out according to an individual schedule. Sometimes, according to indications, a child is vaccinated without whooping cough, i.e. in the form of ADS vaccination. There are also similar Western vaccines with a milder pertussis component, the so-called acellular pertussis vaccines (Infantrix), their administration is recommended for children with a history of seizures.

The standard regimen for using DTP vaccines consists of 4 vaccinations: three with an interval of 1–2 months, starting at the age of 2 or 3 months, the fourth is administered 12 months after the third vaccination. The first three vaccinations are the primary course, the fourth is the first (and last, in the case of whooping cough) revaccination. The minimum interval between the first three vaccinations is 1 month, between the third and fourth it is 6 months. Thus, the complete scheme, with minimal intervals, looks like: 0 - 1(2) - 2 (4) - 12 (6) months.

Options are possible when an interval of 1.5 months (6 weeks) is used between the first three vaccinations, as in the Russian vaccination calendar since 2002.

Let's decipher DTP. Associated pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine.

This means that one vaccination contains a complex for subsequent protection against diseases such as whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus.
Preparation for DTP vaccination
DPT vaccines are among the most reactogenic (i.e., capable of causing adverse reactions) drugs. This is explained both by the high content of antigens and their properties - the most reactogenic components of DPT vaccines are pertussis and, to a lesser extent, diphtheria. For this reason, before vaccination with the DTP vaccine, medicinal preparation of the child is recommended.

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Unfortunately, proper preparation for DTP is not always followed. Very often, before vaccination, the child is simply shown to the pediatrician, which is not sufficient. DPT is somewhat unpleasant, it often gives local reactions, and babies’ body temperature rises. All this refers to the fact that the body courageously fights against the administered drug and this fight will end with good resistance to these diseases. First of all, before DTP, doctors should recommend that parents show the baby to a neurologist, and also prescribe a blood + urine test before vaccination. The child must be healthy at the time of vaccination, and if the child was sick, then at least 2 weeks must pass after recovery.

At the time of vaccination, the child must be healthy.

And healthy, first of all, from the mother’s point of view!
It is clear and obvious that the body temperature should be normal and that there should be no other complaints. But not only that! Behavior, mood, appetite, sleep - everything is as always. The doctor may not know that the baby was acting up for some unknown reason at night, or that for some reason he didn’t finish his favorite kefir this morning. But mom is obliged to react. Observe, wait, postpone. In the end, no one better than a mother can sense the child’s condition and say the phrase “something is wrong.” At the same time, if a child has had snot for three weeks now, with a normal temperature and excellent appetite, it is clear that this snot does not put any strain on the immune system and will not interfere with vaccination. If there are manifestations of allergic dermatitis, vaccination can be done only when there are no new rashes for at least 3 weeks. But here (rash, snot, any real symptoms) the last word belongs to the doctor. If you doubt it, this is a real reason to do a clinical (general) blood test on the eve of vaccination. If you do this analysis on your own initiative (i.e., at your own expense), pay a little more, but ask them to determine the platelet level and clotting time - an additional safety net. Very, very important! The less stress on the intestines, the easier the vaccination is tolerated.
Therefore, for three days - the day before vaccination, on the day of vaccination and the next day - try to limit the volume and concentration of food eaten as much as possible. Don't offer food unless asked. In any soup, in any porridge, a spoon can float or stand. Make it float and sink very quickly. When using milk formulas or ready-made instant cereals for baby food, you must deliberately reduce the concentration. It is written on the package: add 6 tablespoons of powder to 200 ml of water. Put in 5! And if the child is overweight - 4.5!

With natural feeding, problems usually do not occur - breast milk in itself is an excellent prevention of post-vaccination reactions, but in a situation where the baby is fed on demand, problems may develop. The bottom line: after vaccination, the child may well experience moderate discomfort, which is manifested by greater moodiness. And since the baby cries more, then, of course, it is also located more near the breast. Accordingly, on the day of vaccination, the child eats more food than on normal days, then his stomach hurts, and, as usual, the vaccination is to blame. The situation is further aggravated by the fact that supporters of on-demand feeding, as a rule, do not give children any liquid other than milk, so there is no way to reduce the amount of food. If we are talking about free feeding, then the algorithm of actions is as follows: - if you can give him something to drink, or you can feed him, then you should give him something to drink; - if you can feed now, or in half an hour, then try very hard so that in half an hour; - if you can hold it on your chest for 10 minutes, or you can hold it for 30, it’s better than 10... The next safety precautions. You cannot vaccinate if the child has not had a bowel movement for 24 hours before the vaccination.

You're going to the clinic today, and you haven't pooped since yesterday? Do a cleansing enema and place a glycerin suppository.

In principle, I draw your attention: the presence of constipation in a child (even with natural feeding) increases the risk of adverse reactions after vaccinations. Therefore, no matter what you read about how it is completely normal to poop while breastfeeding once every 5 days, try to help the baby (lactulose syrup), achieve regular bowel movements, then you can think about vaccinations...

If you give your child vitamin D, stop taking it 2-3 days before the planned vaccination and resume no earlier than 5 days later. Vitamin D, as you know, regulates calcium metabolism in the body, and calcium metabolism disorders underlie allergic reactions. The slightest overdose of vitamin D increases the likelihood of allergies, so it is better not to experiment. From the same point of view, it definitely wouldn’t hurt to give your child calcium 3 days before and after vaccination. Just under no circumstances buy anything expensive, ionized, soluble, etc. Regular, penny white calcium gluconate - 1 tablet per day, at a time. Crush (grind in a coffee grinder), add to milk, feed. The dose does not depend on age - excess calcium is simply not absorbed (not absorbed).

Without exception, all (whole cell) DPT vaccines should be administered against the background of antipyretics (antipyretics). This allows, on the one hand, to prevent a possible uncontrolled increase in temperature, on the other hand, to eliminate the risk of febrile (temperature) seizures in young children that occur against a background of high fever, regardless of what caused it.

In addition, all antipyretic drugs have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The latter is especially important, on the one hand, to prevent pain at the injection site, which can be quite severe, and on the other, to protect the child from severe swelling at the site of vaccine administration.

Antipyretics you should have:

— paracetamol (Panadol, Efferalgan, Tylenol, etc.) in suppositories; — ibuprofen (Nurofen, Burana, etc.) in syrup; - nimesulide (nise, nimide, nimegesic, nimesil, etc.) in solution or syrup.

If a child has allergic disorders (most often atopic dermatitis, i.e. diathesis), the use of antiallergic drugs is also recommended. Do not use drugs such as suprastin and tavegil (they “dry out” the mucous membranes, and if there is a rise in temperature after vaccination, the combination of these two factors may increase the risk of complications from the respiratory tract). In any case, taking antihistamines should be combined with taking calcium supplements.

Neither antipyretics nor antihistamines affect the development of immunity, i.e., the effectiveness of vaccination.

The general principles of using the listed drugs in preparation for vaccination are as follows:

• when purchasing medications, pay attention to the fact that this form of release is suitable for the child’s age, ask the pharmacist if this medicine is suitable for the age of your child,
• when choosing forms of release of antipyretics, you should opt for rectal suppositories, since flavorings in syrups can provoke allergic reactions,
• do not wait for the temperature to rise after vaccination, administer antipyretics in advance, since the temperature may rise too quickly to be controlled later,
• In children, aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) should never be used; if the maximum permissible dosage of an antipyretic is exceeded and the effect is not achieved, then switch to a drug with another active ingredient (for example, from paracetamol to ibuprofen),
• if a child had no reactions to a previous vaccination, this does not mean that preparing the child for vaccination should be neglected - adverse reactions are more common after repeated vaccinations,
• In any doubtful cases, consult your doctor. Do not hesitate to call an ambulance - they may not come if the situation is not critical, but they will definitely provide advice over the phone. If the vaccination was done at a paid vaccination center, do not hesitate to take the doctor’s contact information in case of adverse reactions - in good vaccination centers, doctors themselves leave contact information or call back to find out about the child’s condition.

Approximate scheme* of preparing a child for vaccination with DTP vaccines:

• Day −2, −1.
  If the child has diathesis or other allergic disorders, give antihistamines in a maintenance dosage
• Day 0:
  Immediately after returning home, administer an antipyretic suppository. This will prevent some reactions that develop in the first hours after vaccination (prolonged crying, swelling at the injection site, etc.). If the temperature rises during the day, introduce another suppository. A candle at night is a must. If the baby wakes up at night for feedings, check the temperature and if it rises, introduce another suppository. Continue taking your antihistamine.
• Day 1.
  If the temperature is elevated in the morning, introduce the first suppository. If the temperature rises during the day, introduce another suppository. You may need to introduce another suppository at night. Continue taking your antihistamine.
• Day 2.
  Antipyretic is administered only if there is a fever. If its increase is insignificant, you can refuse antipyretics. Continue taking your antihistamine.
• Day 3.
  The appearance on the 3rd day (and later) of an increase in body temperature and reactions at the vaccination site is not typical for inactivated vaccines. If the temperature does rise, you should look for another reason (teething, acute respiratory infections, etc.).

*—This chart is provided as a guideline and reflects general approaches that may not take into account your child's specific health conditions. Exact dosages, dosage regimens, list and names of specific drugs can and should be recommended only by the treating pediatrician who directly examined your child.

Any temperature above normal after vaccination (certainly anything above 37.3 °C in the armpit) is a real reason to use antipyretics.
If the body temperature is below 38 ° C - paracetamol in suppositories or ibuprofen. Before bedtime, candles are optimal. At temperatures above 38 °C - only oral liquid dosage forms, primarily ibuprofen. If nurofen and paracetamol do not help, then nimesulide. Any increase in temperature after vaccination, in addition to the use of the above-mentioned medications, requires: - maintaining a regime of cool, moist air: ideal temperature - 18 - maximum 20 ° C, relative humidity - 50-70%; - maximum restriction of any food; - drink plenty of fluids, ideally use the above-mentioned oral rehydration solutions (often, in small doses, solution temperature = body temperature). Walking (walking in the fresh air). After vaccination at normal body temperature, the more, the better. Contraindications: true and false
In addition to general contraindications to vaccination, such as acute illness, allergies to vaccine components and severe immunodeficiency (in which the formation of immunity is impossible), DTP vaccines are temporarily or absolutely contraindicated (true contraindications) if the child has a progressive pathology of the nervous system, or convulsions were observed not against the background of an increase in temperature. In this case, children are vaccinated with a vaccine without a pertussis component (PVC).

Temporary and relative contraindications are diathesis (vaccinations can be carried out outside of exacerbations), recent acute respiratory infections (vaccinations can be carried out immediately after recovery). It should be noted that in the United States, mild acute respiratory infections are not a contraindication and vaccinations can be carried out, including against the background of a slight increase in temperature, cough, or runny nose.

Febrile (i.e., occurring against the background of an increase in temperature) convulsions observed during acute respiratory infections or other diseases (excluding DPT vaccinations) are not a contraindication, however, in this case, careful preparation of the child for vaccination is required in order to prevent temperature reactions.

A history of perinatal encephalopathy in itself is a false contraindication, since this term denotes (by the way, it is used only in the CIS countries) unclassified, a variety of (including acceptable) deviations in the development of the nervous system, registered in the first months of a child’s life . As a rule, all these manifestations disappear by the age of the start of DTP vaccinations, which can be guaranteed by a neurologist’s opinion before the start of vaccinations. Prematurity is also a false contraindication.

False contraindications to DPT vaccinations include: taking antibiotics, allergic disorders (except allergies to vaccine components), allergies in relatives, a history of seizures in relatives, severe adverse reactions to DTP in relatives.

Contraindications to vaccination with drugs against diphtheria and tetanus are only allergic or neurological reactions to previous administrations of such vaccines.

On the day of vaccination

Do not introduce new complementary foods or new types of food. If your child is breastfed, do not introduce new foods into your diet. Don't forget to take antihistamines and other medications prescribed by your doctor. Make sure that you have analgin at home (especially in the case of DTP vaccines) and baby suppositories with paracetamol (Efferalgan, Panadol). Do not rely solely on homeopathic medicines - they can be used, but they will not help if you have severe reactions to vaccinations. If the child is old enough, never, even jokingly, scare the child with vaccination.

If your child asks about the injection, be honest and say that it may be a little painful, but it’s only for a few seconds.

When going to the clinic for vaccination, try very, very hard not to overdo it with clothes. It would be extremely undesirable if the vaccine is given to a heavily sweating baby with a lack of fluid in the body.

If you do end up in the clinic sweating, wait, change your clothes, and give them a good drink.

Do not feed for at least an hour before and after vaccination. After vaccination, wait until the last minute to eat, as they say. Drink, entertain, distract. If you manage not to feed for three hours, it will be just wonderful. So, on the day of vaccination, the child must be healthy, pumped up and preferably at least moderately hungry

Just before the vaccination

Make sure with your doctor that your child does not have a fever at the time of vaccination. This is the only universal contraindication to vaccination. Ask your doctor what and what kind of vaccine your child will be vaccinated against today. Don't hesitate to ask your doctor if you have any doubts about the vaccine.

We do DTP

The child will receive an injection in the butt. We come to the vaccination office, put the baby on our lap with the butt up, take off the panties a little, unfasten the diaper on one side (we don’t touch the inside of the diaper with our own hands, it was sterile and now it can be called as clean as possible, and this is important after the injection to close the area such a clean surface). After the injection, we carefully listen to the nurse, who says that you may have a fever and a spot may appear at the injection site, but if the temperature is significant and the spot grows and (or) thickens, then you will need to see a doctor. If you have a fever, we give antipyretics, but you can’t expect the numbers to be too high (in case of illness, pediatricians often recommend not giving the medicine until the temperature is 38-38.5). It will also be necessary to urgently call a doctor if any other symptoms appear, an allergic reaction, convulsions, general deterioration of the condition, etc. (even the parents suspect that something is wrong with the child).

At the time of injection
, don't worry.
Your excitement and anxiety are transferred to the child. Be calm and confident - and the child will tolerate the vaccination much easier. Don't worry about the fact that you are still worried, just turn your anxiety into a constructive direction. To distract your child (and yourself) - communicate with him, play, sing songs, look at interior items, play with a toy taken from home. Smile and be affectionate to your child. During the injection, the child should be in your arms - this will make him and you more comfortable. Let your child cry after the injection. Don’t force your child to “be brave” or tell him that crying is a shame. If a child says that he is in pain, “blow out” the pain. Take a deep breath and slowly “blow out” the pain. Repeat this exercise several times.

After DTP

We don’t bathe or go for walks for the first three days after vaccination. But this should be observed only if the child has a fever or a general deterioration in health. Neither the mother (if the child is breastfed) nor the baby should eat anything new one week before vaccination and one week after vaccination. This is especially true for children prone to allergic reactions. If a child has a tendency to allergies, you should discuss in advance with your doctor the appointment of antihistamines on the days of vaccination (additionally the day before and a couple of days after it) in prophylactic doses.

After vaccination

In the first 30 minutes after vaccination, do not forget and hesitate to ask your questions to the doctor. Be sure to ask about what and when reactions to the vaccine may occur and in what cases to seek medical help. Do not rush to leave the clinic or medical center. Sit for 20-30 minutes near the office. Firstly, this will help you calm down, and secondly, it will allow you to quickly provide help in case of immediate allergic reactions to the vaccine. If the child is old enough, please him with some pleasant surprise, reward him with something, praise him. Tell him it's okay.

Upon returning home after vaccination

In case of vaccination with DTP vaccine: unless otherwise prescribed by the doctor, give the child a dose (suppository or syrup) of an antipyretic. This will avoid unpleasant reactions that occur in the first hours after vaccination. If the child does not have a temperature, you can swim as usual. The presence of reactions at the injection site is not a contraindication to swimming, and even vice versa.

First night after vaccination

Most often, temperature reactions to inactivated vaccines (DPT and others) occur on the first day after vaccination.
In the case of DTP vaccines: prophylactically, be sure to give the child an antipyretic at night, even if the temperature is currently normal. Do not forget that the daily dosage of paracetamol is not unlimited. In case of overdose, serious complications are possible. Carefully read the instructions for the drug you are using (Panadol, Efferalgan, Tylenol). Never use aspirin.
Its use in young children is fraught with serious complications. The first two days after vaccination

(inactivated vaccines - DPT, DPT, hepatitis B, Hib vaccine, IPV) Take the medications prescribed by your doctor to prevent allergic disorders. Continue taking antipyretics according to the instructions for the medications if the temperature remains elevated. DTP vaccines. Monitor your child's body temperature. Try not to let it rise above 38.5°C (under the arm). In some children, against the background of an increase in temperature, the so-called so-called febrile seizures. Take antipyretics without waiting for the temperature to rise. You can and should walk with your child, you can and should bathe him. The exception is when the child has a fever due to or regardless of vaccination. If a Mantoux test was performed, when swimming, try not to let water get into the place where the test was taken. Don't forget that sweat is also a liquid, so make sure your baby's hand doesn't sweat. Do not introduce new foods into your child’s diet (and yours, if the child is breastfed). This can be done on the 3rd day after vaccination and later. In the case of DPT, ADS, hepatitis B and ADS-M vaccines. If strong reactions occur at the injection site (swelling, thickening, redness), apply a warm compress or simply periodically apply a cloth moistened with water. If you are not already taking anti-inflammatory medications, start taking them.

5-12 days after vaccination

In the case of vaccination with live vaccines (drops of polio vaccine OPV, measles, mumps, rubella), adverse reactions usually occur 5-12 days after vaccination.
If any reaction occurs, but the vaccination was not done with a live vaccine, then vaccination with 99% probability has nothing to do with it. The most common cause of temperature and some other reactions in young children is teething, and in older children - colds. Adverse reactions
DTP vaccines are the most reactogenic, “severe” childhood vaccines. On average, adverse reactions occur in a third of vaccinated people, and not with every vaccine. The peak frequency of reactions is observed, as a rule, on the third and fourth injections of the vaccine, which coincides with the peak rates of immunity development.

In a sense, the occurrence of adverse reactions to vaccination is natural, as a “by-product” of the process of developing immunity. The fact is that during an immune reaction, special mediator substances, internal immunostimulants of the body, enter the bloodstream, which, among other things, have properties that provoke inflammatory processes.

On the other hand, when creating vaccines, every opportunity is used to minimize, albeit natural, but still unpleasant side effects, which is achieved by minimizing the content of ballast substances and a special balance between the quantity and quality of antigens.

In general, the presence of mild adverse reactions is a favorable sign, indirectly indicating the correct formation of the child’s immune system and the effectiveness of the immunity being formed. On the other hand, as a result of efforts to minimize the risk of adverse reactions, their absence should not be taken as an alarm signal or interpreted as a defect in the immune system.

Vaccine injection site reactions

(in general, observed in 15–25% of vaccinated people, excluding the preparation of the child for vaccination):

• redness (1–2%) and swelling (1–2%) caused by immune inflammation at the injection site and the action of the adjuvant (see above).
• pain at the injection site (probability about 15%, manifested by the fact that when moving the child “protects” the leg and cries) is also a consequence of the inflammatory reaction.

General reactions

(on average observed in 20% of vaccinated people, excluding the preparation of the child for vaccination):

• increase in body temperature (up to 30%),
• others (anxiety or vice versa, lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, appetite disturbances).

As a rule, all adverse reactions to DPT vaccines develop no later than 24 hours after vaccination and last no more than 24 hours.

Reactions that occur later and last longer cannot be caused by the vaccine and in such cases another cause should be sought. As a rule, these are teething, acute respiratory infections, and intestinal infections.

In some cases, the cause of a late rise in temperature may be serious illnesses, such as otitis media and meningitis, so do not rush to conclude that such a reaction is related to the vaccine and consult your doctor to rule out serious illnesses.

To avoid confusion between adverse reactions to vaccination and food allergies, at least for the day before vaccination and the day after it, you should not introduce new complementary foods or change the mother's diet if breastfeeding. In addition to normal, severe adverse reactions may occur , the frequency of which is subject to accounting and monitored by regulatory organizations in order to prevent low-quality batches of vaccines from entering practice. If certain values ​​are exceeded (to exclude cases of individual reactions of individual children), specific series of vaccines may be withdrawn from circulation or recalled by the manufacturer.

Severe adverse reactions:

• Prolonged unusual crying, when a few hours after vaccination the child begins to cry loudly, and the crying is more like a squeal. The cause of this reaction is pain at the injection site and, presumably, a headache. The frequency of such a reaction is 1 in 200 vaccinations.
• Increased body temperature (measured in the axillary region) above 39 °C.
• Significant swelling at the site of vaccine administration, covering an area greater than 8 cm in diameter.

Such reactions can (and should) be avoided through the prophylactic administration of antipyretics (in preparation for vaccination), which have, among other things, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
Complications
As with the administration of any other vaccine, in rare cases allergic reactions to vaccine components are possible in the form of a rash, urticaria, Quincke's edema (specific swelling that covers a large area at the site of vaccine administration), anaphylactic shock, etc. These complications are not related to the properties vaccines, but with the amount of ballast substances in specific preparations, the child’s allergy to them and, in some cases, non-compliance with vaccination rules.

It is significant that, according to statistics of post-vaccination complications in the United States, even severe allergic reactions to DTP vaccines have not led to serious consequences in any case since 1978, taking into account the fact that about 80 million vaccinations were given during this period.

The connection between vaccination against whooping cough and neurological complications (with the exception of temperature cramps) is now questioned and neurological syndromes, previously considered unambiguous complications of DTP vaccine, are classified as “possibly related to vaccination”. There are several reasons for this:

• There are no neurological complications that could be associated with DPT vaccines due to their high specificity;
• There are no laboratory tests or other means of proving a link between neurological syndromes and vaccination;
• DTP vaccination “passes” through the entire first year of a child’s life, being an additional reason for visits to the doctor, which leads to improved diagnosis of any problems of the child’s nervous system;
• DTP is the first temperature stimulus, i.e., in fact, a provocateur, against the background of which hitherto hidden neurological symptoms may worsen;
• Symptoms of epilepsy that appear in the first year of life were previously almost always attributed to DPT vaccines.

Possible specific complications of DTP vaccines include neurological complications. It is assumed that they may be caused by the fact that toxins (even inactivated) pertussis bacillus tend to irritate, in an extremely small proportion of susceptible children, the meninges. Manifestations of neurological complications following vaccination may include:

• Convulsions without fever (0.3–90 per 100 thousand vaccinations). The child may make involuntary sudden movements in the form of nodding, twitching of individual limbs.
• Short-term encephalopathy (literally (Greek) - brain damage, 0.1–1.0 per 100 thousand), manifested by non-temperature convulsions and short-term impairment of consciousness.

The listed complications are an absolute contraindication to continued vaccination against whooping cough, regardless of whether their connection with the vaccine has been proven or not.

False complications that are sometimes attributed to DTP include prolonged encephalopathy, convulsions that occur over a long period of time, and encephalitis. The syndrome of sudden death of children after vaccination is currently not considered even in the category of probable complications due to the fact that among unvaccinated children, as studies have shown, this syndrome is registered either with the same frequency as in vaccinated children, or more often.

https://medicaterra.by/privivka-akds.html

Other diseases

There are a number of vaccinations that are not included in the Russian national vaccination calendar, but, nevertheless, they can be done to protect the child from serious diseases. By the way, in European countries and the USA these vaccinations are included in the mandatory vaccination plan.

In our country, you will have to do them at your own expense.

· Haemophilus influenzae type b infection (Hib infection) often causes pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis and other diseases in children. It poses the greatest danger to children from 6 months to 2 years. The Haemophilus influenzae vaccine can be given at the same time as the diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus vaccination. Three vaccinations will be required with an interval of 1-1.5 months and one revaccination, which is carried out a year after the third vaccination. If the vaccination is given to a child older than 6 months, then two vaccinations and one revaccination will be enough for him.

·Vaccine against hemophilus influenzae infection - “Act-HIB”. In addition, you can protect yourself from this disease using the Pentaxim combination vaccine.

·After 2 years of age, a child can optionally be vaccinated against pneumococcal infection that causes pneumonia (Pneumo 23), meningitis (Meningo), and chickenpox (Varilrix). In childhood, chickenpox is usually tolerated quite easily by children, but in adolescence it can be severe and cause complications.

·In addition, you can vaccinate your child against hepatitis A. Vaccination is carried out twice, the second time - 6-12 months after the first. Usually the vaccination is tolerated quite easily. Swelling and swelling at the injection site are possible. For hepatitis A, the vaccines “Havrix”, “https://www.baby.ru/pharmacy/40606-avaxim”, “Vakta” ​​are used. There are also combined vaccines against hepatitis A and B.

It hurts after an injection: the main causes of complications

Most often the vaccination site hurts for the following reasons:

1. Development of infiltration. This is one of the most common complications after injections. It occurs for the following reasons:

• performing an injection with a blunt needle;

• using a needle that is too short to inject into the patient's muscle, which is intended for manipulation under the skin;

• wrong injection site;

• giving injections in the same part of the body;

• failure to comply with the basics of sterility.

2. An abscess is an acute inflammation of soft tissues, in which pus begins to accumulate in them. The cause of this condition can be all of the above medical errors, especially violation of asepsis rules, which led to infection.

3. Breakage of the needle during injection can occur when doctors use old needles. This can also happen if there is a sudden movement of the gluteal muscles during the injection (when the patient gets scared) or if the injection itself was given to the patient while the body is standing.

4. The vaccination site may also hurt when oil solutions and medications are administered intramuscularly (subcutaneously). In this case, the patient’s condition will worsen even more if the drug enters the vessel and clogs it. Thus, nutrition in that area of ​​soft tissue will be disrupted, which will lead to necrosis (death) of the tissue.

The main manifestations of the development of tissue necrosis are:

• swelling at the injection site;

In addition, the fact that the oil medicine enters a vein is considered even more dangerous, because in this case it will enter the pulmonary vessels through the blood circulation. This in turn will cause a pulmonary embolism, the symptoms of which are:

• feeling of pressure in the chest.

5. Damage to blood vessels or nerves can occur with intravenous injections, the location of which was incorrectly chosen. This complication can also develop as a result of a chemical reaction when the medicine ends up next to the nerve or clogs the vessel that feeds it. The consequence of this can be neuritis and severe pain. Sometimes loss of sensation in the leg develops.

6. Thrombophlebitis is a severe inflammation of a vein, which developed due to the formation of a blood clot in it. This condition can occur with frequent injections into the same vein, as well as with the use of blunt needles.

Symptoms of thrombophlebitis are:

• acute throbbing pain;

• increased body temperature;

• impairment of limb mobility.

7. Severe tissue necrosis can occur due to unsuccessful vein puncture or the introduction of a large amount of a caustic chemical substance under the skin. This can happen if it does not enter the vein directly or if it is pierced through (this happens when the injection is given by an inexperienced nurse).

Vaccination rules

·Vaccination cannot be done if the child is sick. Vaccination can be carried out 2-4 weeks after the baby has recovered.

· The interval between vaccinations must be at least a month.

·Vaccination in hot weather is undesirable.

· It is better to refrain from visiting public places with your baby before vaccination and after the administration of live vaccines.

·Before and after vaccination, it is not recommended to introduce new complementary foods to the child.

·You should not stop breastfeeding during the vaccination period.

·Members of the child’s family must be healthy at the time of vaccination.

· It is not recommended to bathe the baby in the evening on the day of vaccination.

·Parents have the right to refuse to vaccinate their child (based on the Federal Law “On Immunoprevention of Infectious Diseases” dated September 17, 1998 No. 157-FZ), but they must understand that they are responsible for the health of their child.

The body's reaction after the second and subsequent vaccinations is often stronger than after the first vaccination.

A second vaccination is not given if, after the first one, the child has the following reactions:

· shrill cry of the baby, which lasted for 3 hours or more;

·increase in the child’s body temperature to 38.5 °C and above;

· the occurrence of a strong local reaction to vaccination (redness, swelling and swelling with a diameter of more than 5 cm at the injection site).

Antibiotics before and after vaccination

Expert's point of view

In a series of video programs, famous pediatrician Evgeniy Komarovsky expressed his opinion on antibiotics and vaccination:

• The use of antibiotics does not affect the indications for vaccination;
• vaccinating drugs do not prevent the body from forming immunity;
• After a course of antibiotics, vaccination can be done if there are no contraindications.

The doctor clarifies that under certain circumstances, antibiotic therapy cannot be considered an obstacle to vaccinating a child. Indeed, for some diseases, children are prescribed long-term therapy with antibacterial agents, which should not cause a delay in immunization.

Antibiotics before vaccination

The childhood vaccination schedule is often disrupted due to the child's illness. For example, if a baby is diagnosed with otitis media, it is important to cure the disease before vaccination. Treatment of the disease includes the prescription of antibiotics. Therefore, parents have a question about how many days later they can go for vaccination. Vaccination is allowed at least two weeks after completion of the antibacterial course. In addition, you will have to undergo tests, based on the results of which the doctor gives permission for vaccination.

If the disease overtakes the baby after immunization, antibiotic therapy will not interfere with the production of antibodies. Modern vaccines for children do not contain live pathogens that could be affected by an antibacterial drug.

To get vaccinated after a mild cold or sore throat, even a common runny nose, you will have to wait 2-3 weeks. The body, weakened by the disease, must be allowed to get stronger by controlling body temperature. The situation is different after serious illnesses, such as rubella or chickenpox, the treatment of which includes taking antibiotics.

The attending physician will answer the question whether and when it is possible to start vaccination. Usually, vaccination is allowed only after recovery, but not earlier than after 2 months. The body needs time to restore friendly microflora, which is destroyed by antibacterial drugs.

Antibiotics after vaccination

There are situations when an adult, after receiving a vaccine, learns about the need to treat an inflammatory disease with antibiotics. Patients are interested in whether it is possible to take the prescribed drug after vaccination. Doctors say that medications do not interfere with each other:

• the process of action of the vaccine will end with the appearance of its own immunocomplexes (antibodies) in the blood;
• treatment of inflammation with antibiotics will be successful if the body responded normally to the vaccine.

There is no need to worry that you had to take an antibiotic after vaccination. If it is needed to treat another disease, there is no need to worry about its negative impact on the formation of immunity. It is important that the attending physician is informed about the fact of vaccination.

Routine and seasonal vaccination allows you to protect the body of a person of any age from many dangerous diseases. The procedure saves humanity from the development of pandemics that are deadly for the population, despite some unpleasant consequences of individual vaccinations.

For you: A child’s temperature after vaccination: when to bring it down and with what

Where to get vaccinated?

·In district clinics Vaccination in district clinics in accordance with the National Vaccination Calendar is carried out free of charge. Before vaccination, the child is examined by a doctor. Information about vaccinations given is entered into the child’s card, which is stored in the clinic. The disadvantages of this option include the fact that before vaccination, you and your child may have to sit in line for a long time, and that the pediatrician has too little time to properly examine your baby. In addition, local clinics often offer not the best vaccines.

·In medical centers Here you can find better modern vaccines. The cost of vaccination will consist of the cost of a doctor’s examination (200-1200 rubles) and the cost of the vaccine itself (100-2000 rubles). If you want to contact a paid center, then carefully consider its choice - it is advisable that the medical center has a good reputation and its doctors have been involved in vaccination prevention for a long time. Information about the vaccination done must be documented - for this it is advisable to have a vaccination certificate with you (a booklet in which all information about the vaccinations given is entered).

·At home Vaccinations at home can only be done by doctors who specialize in vaccine prevention. For a child, this is the most gentle option - the baby will not have additional stress in the form of a visit to the clinic. However, it must be taken into account that vaccines must be stored under strictly designated temperature conditions. And these conditions must be observed even during transportation, otherwise the vaccine may deteriorate. Therefore, vaccination at home can be carried out only if you completely trust the doctor who will do it or the medical center in which he works. Make sure that information about vaccination is included in the vaccination certificate.

Russian national vaccination calendar

Newborns (in the first 24 hours of life) First vaccination against viral hepatitis B Newborns (3-7 days) Vaccination against tuberculosis 3 months Second vaccination against viral hepatitis B, first vaccination against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, polio 4.5 months Second vaccination against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, polio 6 months Third vaccination against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, polio, third vaccination against viral hepatitis B 12 months Measles, rubella, mumps 18 months First revaccination - diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, first revaccination - polio 20 months Second revaccination - polio 6 years Revaccination - measles, rubella, mumps 7 years Revaccination against tuberculosis, second revaccination - diphtheria, tetanus 13 years Viral hepatitis B (previously unvaccinated), rubella (previously unvaccinated girls or those who received only one vaccination) 14 years Third revaccination - diphtheria , tetanus; third revaccination - polio; revaccination - tuberculosis (if you were not vaccinated at 7 years old)

Vaccination frequency

With normal development and the absence of contraindications to a person, DPT vaccination is given in early childhood 4 times and quite often: at the ages of 3, 4.5, 6 and 18 months. The interval between injections should be at least 30 days. In some countries, the first injection of the drug is given to children as young as two months old. This is due to the presence in the child’s body of the corresponding antibodies received from the mother. But immunity to the mentioned diseases will be lost by 60 days of life.

In the future, ADS-M is done without the pertussis component, because the formed immune defense will be effective until the age of 8.5 years, and for older children the risk of this disease is significantly reduced. At 6-7 and later - at 14 years - revaccination is performed with the drug ADS-m. Then the vaccine is given at the age of 24 and subsequently every 10 years in order to maintain the number of antibodies at the level necessary for high-quality protection against diseases.

The pediatrician decides how many times this vaccine should be administered to weakened children. If there is a pronounced negative reaction to the first vaccination, subsequent attempts to vaccinate the baby are either refused, or the dose of the drug is reduced, or ADS-m without the pertussis component is used, because often it is this that causes violent reactions that are extremely dangerous to life and health.

Totally, how many times do you do DTP in your entire life? Normally, the drug is given to a child 4 times before his or her 18th birthday, plus a double (at 6-7 and 14 years old) revaccination of ADS. And then once every 10 years, i.e. at 24 years old, then at 34, 44, 54, 64, 74 years old, they get a vaccination that maintains immunity at the proper level. If you count how many times the vaccine will be administered, it turns out that only 6 doses will be administered to a child before he reaches adulthood. How often adults will be vaccinated directly depends on life expectancy and regularity of visits to a medical facility.