Consultation on the topic: How to help your child remember numbers

Counting is one of the basic skills that it is advisable to master before the child goes to school. No one will require a first-grader to solve complex examples - but learning to count the number of objects and knowing the basics of addition and subtraction before school will be useful. The child will not have difficulty understanding the teacher’s requests - for example, “take two pencils” - and the first grader will not feel less smart than peers who have already learned to count.

There are many ways to teach a child to count: using methods developed by professional teachers, in a playful way, using rhymes and thematic videos. Whichever method you choose, learning to count can be considered the first step to learning mathematics. A good knowledge of mathematics is the key to not only positive grades, but also excellent memory and attention, developed logical thinking, and the ability to calculate the right decision in any situation.

First acquaintance with numbers: when and where to start

You can start introducing your baby to numbers at the age of 1.5-2 years. But it is too early to expect significant mathematical success from a small child, although children quickly understand the difference between the concepts of “one” and “many” even at an early age.

Briefly about the stages of a child learning to count - in the table:

Trying to teach a child to count too early is not worth it because of the differences in children's thinking from that of adults. There is such a thing as Piagetian phenomena, proven by the French psychologist Jean Piaget.

The psychologist has proven that children under six years old cannot treat counting abstractly, considering a mathematical operation to be correct only in the present tense and precisely with those objects that an adult shows. For example, a child under six years old will be convinced that if he takes the apples to another room, or replaces the apples with pears, the number of objects will change.

The best way to teach children to count is in 4 stages:

At 2-3 years old it is enough to teach a child to understand the difference between “little” and “many”.
At 4-5 years old, it’s time to learn to count concrete, not abstract, objects within 10: candy in a vase, plates on the table, books on a shelf.
At 5-6 years old, a child can be taught to count to 10 and 20, and show how numbers look and are written. At the same age, the baby is already able to understand the terms “more and less,” adding the right amount to objects or, conversely, removing the excess to achieve equality (for example, arranging toys in equal piles).
By the age of 6-7 years, the child is ready to learn to count to 100, and add and subtract numbers up to 10.

How to teach counting to 10

You can teach your child to count to 10 before the age of five, or, if necessary, at an older age. The main conditions for successfully teaching mental counting to 10 are a child’s good vocabulary and interest in numbers.

How to teach your child to count to 10:

focus on numbers that you already use in everyday situations, for example: “You are four years old now, and will soon be five years old,” “It’s time to get up, it’s already seven o’clock”;
show images with different numbers of objects within 10: illustrations in books, cubes, your own drawings;
educational videos and cartoons on the relevant topic will help you quickly remember the sequence of counting to 10;
connect elements of mental arithmetic: teach your child to use an abacus - often children quickly master counting within 10 by practicing with abacus abacus, or even with classic wooden abacus;
use an element of the Montessori method: the famous teacher successfully taught counting to children aged 3-6 years, regardless of their initial abilities, using the most visual practical material - money (Maria Montessori considered money exchange exercises to be the most effective activity for understanding counting).

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How to teach counting to 20

You can teach your child to count to 20 when he can confidently count to 10. To quickly and easily master counting to 20, proceed in the following sequence:

Tell your child what zero is (if he doesn’t already know) using visual examples. For example, show two books or two other identical objects, and then remove them. Explain that there were two books, and now there are zero.
Show how new numbers are formed - it will be easier for the child to understand the principle using the example of numbers ending in zero. Tell us that in Old Russian “dtsat” means ten and, accordingly, the number 20 is two tens (you need to count to ten twice).
Introduce your child to the concept of “number composition” - also with the help of improvised objects: counting sticks, toys, fruits. Place 10 identical objects in one row, and on top place an object different from these ten, for example, a counting stick of a different color. Explain to your child that the number is eleven. By adding sticks on top, show how you get 12, 13, 14, and the rest of the numbers up to 20.
Give your child the task of collecting a certain number of identical objects (16, 17, 18, etc.), for example, small toys, and together count the number of objects out loud.
Reinforce the material using a number line from 0 to 20 - this way your child will learn to count to 20 much faster. You can draw a number line yourself or use a ruler 20 centimeters long. By practicing with a ruler, the baby will gradually remember how to write numbers and their correct sequence.

Techniques for learning to count to ten:

Train game . A common practice for learning numbers in first grade. One student comes out in front of the class, he says that he is the first car. After that, another one comes out and says: one and one more will be two. And this continues until ten. Then the operation is done in reverse order. The cars “fall apart” one by one. The purpose of this exercise is to remember the order of numbers forward and backward.
Display on the line . This is an outdated method based on rote memorization and visual proof of the order of numbers.
Counting on fingers . Traditional and easiest for children. Can be used at first until the child understands the order of the numbers. Then you need to wean them off your fingers by telling them the “secrets” of converting numbers.

Using funny poems and cartoons about numbers . It will be interesting to watch the cartoon “How the Little Goat Learned to Count” or recite rhymes.

How to teach counting to 100

When a child learns to count to 20 without missing a beat, it’s time for parents to help their son or daughter master counting to one hundred. Try teaching your child to count to 100 this way:

Tell your child that numbers greater than ten used to be called “two tens,” “three tens,” “four tens,” and so on. Later, the word “ten” was shortened to “twenty” and the familiar “twenty”, “thirty”, “fifty” appeared. Exceptions to remember: "forty" (meaning "very many") and "ninety" (meaning "nine to a hundred").
Practice memorizing tens in the correct order from 10 to 100: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50...
Once you remember the correct sequence of tens, move on to units. Explain to your child that the numbers from 20 to 100 are not consecutive - there are always ones between them: 21, 22, 23, etc. Children who have mastered counting to 10 and 20 quickly understand and remember the sequence of counting to one hundred.
Ask your child to learn numbers gradually, one ten a day: from 10 to 20, from 20 to 30, and so on in order until 100.
Practice activities in game forms. Encourage children's love to look for inconsistencies and errors: deliberately skip a number in a series up to 100, and ask the child to find the “missing” number - such logic games help to quickly memorize counting up to 100.

Having mastered the numbers, proceed to gradually study the multiplication table. We have collected in one place and talked about the most effective ways that will help your child easily cope with this task!

Addition and Subtraction: Effective Ways to Learn

By the time they start school, most children already know how to operate basic math operations—addition and subtraction. The modern program for the first grades is structured in such a way that children are given addition and subtraction problems almost immediately - and it is better to learn to add and subtract in preschool age.

How to teach a child addition and subtraction: first steps

Start getting acquainted with basic mathematical operations by using visual objects - cubes, counting sticks or others convenient for the child:

disassemble the number 2: show the child that if you add one object and another object, you get 2;
in the same way, sort out the composition of the remaining numbers within 10;
make sure that the child understands the principle of disassembly and puts objects together without errors;
Having mastered addition, move on to subtraction using the same visual objects.

Addition and subtraction on fingers

When your child learns to add and subtract objects, move on to adding and subtracting on your fingers - or skip this stage if your son or daughter quickly and confidently adds and subtracts all surrounding objects. In any case, make sure that your child gradually weanes himself from counting on his fingers - teachers notice that the habit of counting on his fingers prevents children from learning to count in their heads.

How to teach your child to count on fingers:

Start with the five fingers of one hand, coming up with interesting puzzles for your baby. For example, an addition problem: “You have 2 cars, so straighten two fingers. My brother has 3 cars, stretch three more fingers. You have a total of 5 cars."
Offer to solve subtraction problems. For example: “Mom has 4 candies, stretch out four fingers. Mom gave you one candy, bend one finger. Mom has 3 candies left.”
When the child begins to add and subtract within five without errors, move on to similar activities involving all ten fingers.

How to teach a child to count in his head

The ability to add and subtract mentally is one of the most useful skills for a preschooler, which will greatly facilitate the study of mathematics at school. Before teaching your child to count in his head, make sure he knows how to add and subtract objects and can count at least within twenty.

How to teach a child to count in his head:

Create a clear connection in your child between number and visual image: connect games with mathematical dominoes and cubes. You can use a mathematical set using the Zaitsev method: a set of cards that connects a number and a geometric figure. Children respond well to lessons using Zaitsev’s method - gradually this way they can learn addition and subtraction even within a thousand.
Teach your child, if he doesn’t yet know, what “more”, “less”, “equally” means, using visual examples.
Spend enough time parsing the number. To add 4 and 3, a child must know that these numbers “fit” into the number 7. The same principle works with subtraction: in order to subtract 5 from 8, you need to know that 5 and 3 “fit” into 8.
Introduce your child to the rule “the sum does not change by changing the places of the terms.”
Include any gaming aids that your child likes: cubes, tables, counting sticks, cards, themed board games.

How to teach a child to count backwards

If a child can count to one hundred and understands well what units and tens are, there are usually no difficulties with counting in columns.

How to teach a child to count in a column:

Explain that numbers in a column are added and subtracted by digits: units - separately, tens - separately.
Show the sequence of actions if, when adding units, the result is a number greater than or equal to 10: you need to write down only the second digit, and remember the first. For convenience, the first resulting digit can be written above the tens place. Parents probably remember from their school days the expression: “We write two, one in our minds” (or other numbers from 0 to 9). Example: 17+15 = 7+5 = 12 (a two is written, a one goes to the tens) = 1+1+1 = 3 (the total sum of the tens place) = 32 (the first digit is the sum of the tens place, the second digit is the sum of the ones place ).
Teach your child to subtract columnarly. The principle of operation is almost the same as with addition, only if the upper digit in units is less than the lower one, then the missing unit must be “borrowed” from tens. For example: 31-13 = 11-3 = 8 (“occupied” the number 1 from the tens) = 2-1 = 1 (the number 3 in the tens decreased by the “occupied” unit) = 18.

Division

Division on Russian accounts is a rather complicated procedure. Using an abacus for this is sometimes simply irrational. If the example is convenient, let’s say you need to divide 280 by 2, then really, you just need to move half of the dominoes from each row to the right and then you get 140. But other examples, for the most part, require complex algorithms and good development of attention and short-term memory.

We also recommend reading:

Storytelling
How to learn the multiplication table
How to teach a child to count quickly in his head
How to solve a system in your head?
Mental arithmetic
Zero. This important nothing
How to remember the number Pi?
Chinese or Japanese multiplication
Number search problem
Is it possible to count in your head and remember, like Daniel Tammet?
Multiplying by 11

Key words:_D1001, _D1067, 1Mnemonics, 2Cognitive science

Methods for teaching counting created by famous teachers

Try using one or more effective pedagogical techniques to study counting:

Peterson

The Peterson method teaches children mathematics exclusively in a playful way: with the help of cubes, drawing, and logic games.

Glen Doman

Glen Doman's method is entirely based on visualization: children see numbers on cards and the number of dots corresponding to the numbers, gradually mastering counting:

Prepare cards from cardboard: write a number on one side, and draw the number of dots corresponding to this number on the other.
Show your child a card with one dot and clearly state the number “One.”
Move on to other cards using the same pattern. Don’t delay - one card should take as much time as it takes to pronounce a certain number.

During the first few lessons, the child can act as an observer. Don't ask him to repeat it. After showing all the cards (10, 20 numbers depending on age), be sure to praise the baby, tell him how much you love him and how you like to teach him. You can treat your future mathematician to something tasty, since physical encouragement is an integral part of Glen Doman’s method.

From lesson 3-4, you can start shuffling the cards, that is, showing them not in a clear numerical order. Remember the main thing: we show quickly, we praise generously.

Mental arithmetic

Children learn to count using dominoes, and later immediately begin to count in their heads without using an abacus or any other tools.

How to teach your child numbers: games and exercises

First steps

First, show your child what a number looks like, explaining that this symbol stands for, for example, one. Then move on to entertainment: paint a number with your child, cut it out of paper, sculpt it from plasticine.

Next is training and testing. Has the child learned to distinguish a number from others? In order to find out this, there are corresponding exercises. For example, make cards of different shapes and colors, each with a number on it. Then ask the child, selecting cards one at a time, to put aside those on which the desired one is drawn. You can do the same with cubes or chips.

If your child has a good memory, teach him small rhymes containing the names of numbers. In this case, it is imperative to associate the number with its image, be it a drawing or a figurine sculpted from plasticine.

You can't help things with your eyes!

It will be quite difficult for a child to remember an abstract number that is not associated with anything previously known. What is the conclusion? It is difficult to teach a child numbers only with the help of their images. It is necessary to evoke various associations in the child, for example, by explaining that the number “two” is similar to the figure of a swan.

You can also turn to tactile sensations for help. Invite your child to hold a number cut out of cardboard in his hands - this will facilitate the perception and memorization of the material. After the baby has already mastered a few numbers, you can even play a game with him, where he, blindfolded, must recognize the number by touch.

Photo: depositphotos.com

Download printable number cards

Eye-catching numbers:

Regular numbers:

Numbers are everywhere

Since the child is small, it is difficult for him to concentrate on one or another process for a long time. As well as remembering what he did for just a few minutes a day. Therefore, the learning process should not be limited to the lesson.

Make numbers an integral part of your child's leisure time. For example, numbers can be sewn or glued to your favorite toys. Let the child tell you each time while playing that the number “three” is drawn on the red car, and the number “one” is sewn to the doll’s jacket.

Place stickers with numbers above your baby's bed. Before the child goes to bed, you can ask him what numbers are located above his bed. At the same time, after the baby learns the new number during the day and draws it on a piece of paper, entrust him with the solemn process of gluing the number in the right place.

Personal information

You can teach your child numbers with the help of information that concerns him. Therefore, when showing your child the number “three”, do not forget to mention that this is exactly how old he is. Or, in a lesson on the number “five,” say that this number represents the number of the apartment in which you live.

Connect the numbers you study with everything that surrounds the child: date of birth, address, number shown on the sign in the entrance, home phone number, and so on. Of course, the baby will not be able to remember everything at once, but some information will definitely be stored in the head.

How is grandma doing?

You can encourage your child to make phone calls from time to time. Make special cards for this, on which their phone numbers will be written under the pasted photographs of relatives. Let the baby call grandma and inquire about her health or find out when her aunt will next visit.

After the child has learned all the numbers, such fun will be appropriate to reinforce what he has learned.

Watch

Excellent training - the “basics” of telling time. For example, pointing to the number “six” on the clock, explain that it is at this time that dad returns from work. Come up with an activity for each number that will interest the baby, and explain that it will happen when the small arrow points to a particular number on the dial.

Calendar

Another assistant in studying numbers is a wall calendar with a moving window for the current day. Explain to your child that he is the one responsible for what date it is and must move the window independently. Be sure to associate some information with the numbers in order to interest the baby. For example, say that “Dad has a day off on the eighth,” and “Grandma will come to visit on the fourth.”

Who is who?

It is much more difficult to explain to a child the meaning of each number and the relationship between them. Because, even after remembering what a particular number looks like, the baby will perceive it abstractly.

The training course, which is part of Glen Doman’s methodology, copes with this task perfectly. Kids are given cards with different numbers of dots on them - from one to nine. When the child learns to compare and distinguish the number of dots depicted on the cards, invite him to label the cards with already familiar numbers.

For the same purpose, you can show the child a number along with objects in the quantity indicated by it. This way, the child will learn to correlate the fingers on his hand with a colorful drawing of the number “five”, and the number three, molded with his own hands from plasticine, with three candies in a vase.

Relationships between numbers

In order for the child to remember how the learned numbers relate to each other and how they differ, you can play the following game.

Parents will need to cut out all nine numbers from paper in advance. The cut out figures should differ in size so that each next one is larger than the previous one. During the game, the child needs to build a kind of “ladder” of numbers, which begins with one and ends with nine. When your child completes the task, praise him for the work he has done and explain that the smallest number on the ladder is one, and the largest is nine.

What is "zero"?

As a rule, children have difficulty understanding what is denoted by the number “zero.”

Teach your child to associate the word “zero” with the word “nothing.” To do this, you can lay out several different items on the table, and then, after distributing them to family members, leave an empty space on the table and say that now there are “zero” items left on the table.

Whatever games you choose and whatever training you choose to teach your child numbers, you should not require him to learn by rote. Play, play and play again! Arouse his interest, let numbers enter the baby’s life and become necessary for him. Happy learning!